英语四级翻译练习题：中医

　　中医(Traditional Chinese Medicine )有五千多年的历史，是中国古代劳动人民几千年来对抗疾病的经验总结。中医将人体看成是气、形、神的统一体，以“望、闻(auscultationand olfaction)、问、切”为其独特的诊断过程。 中医使用中药、针灸(acupuncture)以及许多其他治疗手段，使人体达到阴阳调和。阴阳和五行是中医的理论基础。五行是自然界中的五种基本物质，即金、木、水、火、土。

　　参考翻译:

　　Traditional Chinese Medicine

　　Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a longhistory of more than 5,000 years. It is a summaryof the experience of the working people over manycenturies of struggle against diseases. TCM considershuman body as a unity of QI, XING and SHEN. The diagnostic process of TCM distinguishesitself by “observation，auscultation and olfaction, inquiry and pulse diagnosis”. TCM usestraditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and many other treatment means to make humanbody be harmony between YIN and YANG. The concepts of YIN-YANG and WU XING laid atheoretical foundation for TCM. WU XING refers to five basic substances in the nature, thatis, metal, wood, water, fire, and earth.

　　1.气、形、神的统一体:“气、形、神”这种中文词汇在英文中鲜有恰当的词汇与之对应，翻译成拼音即可;“统一体”可译为unity。

　　2.望、闻、问、切:“望”即“观察”，可译为observation;“闻”有“听”的意思，也有“嗅”的意思，在中医里也是如此，原文里已经给出提示，译为 auscultationand olfaction; “问”即“询问”，翻译为 inquiry; “切” 指“诊脉”，翻译为pulse diagnosis。

　　3.阴阳调和:即阴阳平衡，可译为make YIN and YANG in equilibrium或者 be harmony betweenYIN and YANG。

　　4.金:五行中的“金”不是“金子”，而是“金属”之意，所以要翻译成metal, 而不要译成gold。

英语四级翻译练习题：四合院

　　四合院(the quadrangle )是中国的一种传统合院式住宅。一个标准的四合院通常由一个庭院及其四周独立的房屋构成。不同方位的房屋有着不同的名称。坐北对着庭院入口处的称为正房(main house)，东西两边的称为厢房(side house)，坐南朝北的称为倒座房(reversely-set house)。长辈或一家之主住正房，晚辈住厢房。倒座房可以用作厨房、储物间、客厅或书房。四合院如今已经成为观光景点，并为世界各地的游客所熟知。

　　参考翻译:

　　The Quadrangle

　　The quadrangle is a traditional courtyardresidence in China. A standard quadrangle usuallyconsists of a courtyard with independent housesalong its four sides. Houses in different directionshave their own names. The house on the north facing the courtyard’s entrance is called themain house; the house which lies on the east or west is called the side house; and the onestands on the south is called reversely-set house. The older generation or the head of thehousehold lives in the main house, while the younger generation lives in the side houses. Thereversely-set house can be used as a kitchen, a storeroom, a sitting-room or a study. Thequadrangle has now become a tourist attraction and is well-known to tourists from all over theworld.

　　1.合院式住宅:译为courtyard residence即可，其中residence意为“住宅， 民居”。

　　2.坐北对着…东西两边…坐南朝北:这个句子含有三个并列分句，且结构基本一致，所以可以用三个相同结构的连续的分句来表达。为了避免表达单调，三个分句可选择不同的谓语动词，使译文既有一致性又富有变化。

　　3.观光景点:可译为a tourist attraction 或 a sightseeingspot。

　　4.世界各地的:英语中可把定语前置或者后置，所以此修饰语可译成all over the world或worldwide.

　英语四级翻译练习题：唐诗

　　唐诗(Tang poetry )泛指创作于唐代(618年?907年)的诗。唐诗是汉族最珍贵的文化遗产之一，同时也对周边民族和国家的文化发展产生了很大影响。唐诗中流传最广的当属收录在《唐诗三百首》(Three Hundred Poems of the TangDynasty)中的诗歌，里面收录的许多诗篇都为后人所熟知。唐代的诗人特别多，其中李白、杜甫等都是世界闻名的伟大诗人，他们的作品有很多都是脍炙人口的诗篇。

　　参考翻译:

　　Tang Poetry

　　Tang poetry generally refers to poems written duringthe Tang Dynasty (618 A.D.-907A.D.). Tang poetryis one of the most valuable cultural heritages of theHan Chinese. Meanwhile, it also has a great influenceon the cultural development of neighboring ethnic groups and nations. The most widely spreadamong Tang poems are definitely the poems that are included in the “Three Hundred Poems ofthe Tang Dynasty”，many of which are quite popular with people of later generations. Thereare lots of poets in Tang Dynasty, among whom Li Bai and Du Fu are world-famous. Many of thetwo great poets’works are household poems.

　　1.泛指:翻译为generally refer to,其中“泛”即一般来说，故译为 generally 即可。

　　2.汉族:应译为Han Chinese。

　　3.产生了很大影响:用固定短语have a great influenceon...来表达即可。

　　4.流传最广:翻译为the most widely spread, “流传”用动词spread表达，而表示范围的最广译为副词widely即可。注意此处的spread为spread的过去分词形式，表被动意义。

　　5.脍炙人口的诗篇:翻译为household poems,其中脍炙人口用形容词 household表达，即“家喻户晓”。

　英语四级翻译练习题：胡同

　　北京城的胡同长短不一，风格各异。最长的是东交民巷胡同，全长近3千米。最短的是一尺大街胡同，从头到尾仅有25米。最宽的是灵境胡同，目前最宽处可达30多米。最窄的是钱市胡同，最窄处仅40厘米，需侧身通过。弯道最多的是九湾胡同，弯曲之处(curves)不下13处,走在其中，很容易迷路。历史最悠久的要数砖塔胡同，为元代胡同，至今已有700余年历史。

　　参考翻译:

　　Hutong

　　Hutongs in Beijing have various styles and differentlengths. The longest one is DongjiaominxiangHutong, with a total length of about 3 kilometers.The shortest one is Yichidajie Hutong, with only 25meters from beginning to the end. The widest one is Lingjing Hutong, with the widest partreaching over 30 meters at present. The narrowest one is the Qianshi Hutong, and its narrowestpart is merely 40 centimeters wide; people must turn sideways to pass through it. JiuwanHutong, with at least 13 curves, is the most tortuous one and can easily make you lose yourway. The one with the longest history of more than 700 years is the Zhuanta Hutong, whoseconstruction can be traced back to the Yuan Dynasty.

　　1.胡同:此处的“胡同”指的是北京特色之一，不能译成bystreet等，直接使用汉语拼音hutong即可。

　　2.长度的表达:文中多处需要表达长度，a total lengthof,...from beginning to the end,...reaching...等词的灵活使用会让译文不显得单调乏味。

　　3.侧身:即转向侧面，可译为turn sideways。sideways为副词，意为“向侧面地，向一旁”。

　　4.弯道最多…很容易迷路:句子中前后分句的主语不一致，在翻译时，要注意改成主语一致或者增添各分句的主语。