英语四级翻译练习题：孙子兵法

　　《孙子兵法》(The Art of War)是中国古代最重要的军事著作之一，是我国优秀文化传统的重要组成部分。孙子(SunTzu)，即该书作者，在书中揭示的一系列具有普遍意义的军事规律，不仅受到军事家们的推崇，还在经济领域、领导艺术、人生追求甚至家庭关系等方面，具有广泛的指导作用。《孙子兵法》中的许多名言警句，富有哲理、意义深远，在国内外广为流传。

　　参考翻译:

　　The Art of War

　　As one of the most important ancient Chineseclassical military works, The Art of War serves as animportant part of outstanding traditional culturein China. Sun Tzu, the author of the book, revealed aseries of universal military laws which is not only valued by militarists but also playsextensive guiding roles in economy, leadership, the pursuit of life and even family relationship.There are a lot of famous quotes from The Art of War that are rich in wisdom and haveprofound meanings, and are thus widely circulated both at home and abroad.

　　1.普遍意义的:翻译为universal。

　　2.人生追求:翻译为the pursuit of life。

　　3.名言警句:可译为famous quotes。“名言警句”有很多种英语表达方式,如 wise words, famous aphorism, famousepigrams,但根据此处语境可知，这些名言警句必然是从《孙子兵法》中选出的，因此译作quote (引语)一词更为恰当。

　　4.意义深远:翻译为profound meanings。

　　5.广为流传:翻译为widely circulated。其中circulate —词表示“流传，传播”之意。

英语四级翻译练习题：西游记

　　《西游记》是吴承恩写的一部神话小说(mythologicalnovel)，讲述的是唐僧在三个徒弟孙悟空、猪八戒和沙僧的保护下去西天取经(to find the Buddhist scripture )的故事。一路上，唐僧经常被妖怪(demon )捉走，性命垂危，因为它们相信吃了他的肉就可以长生不老，因而他的三个徒弟总要一次又一次地解救他。在历经了九九81难之后，他们终于取得了真经，修炼成佛。1986年，这部小说被改编为电视剧，受到了广大观众的喜爱。

　　参考翻译:

　　Journey to the West

　　Journey to the West is a mythological novel written by Wu Cheng'en which tells a story about Tangseng—the Master, who went to the West to find the Buddhist scripture under the protection of his three disciples- Monkey King, Pigsy and Sandy. During the journey, Tangseng is often captured and has his life threatened, because the demons who capture him believe that if they eat Tangseng they can attain immortality. As a result, his three disciples always have to save him time and again. After experiencing 81 difficulties, the four obtain the true scripture and become Buddha. In 1986，the novel was adapted into a TV series, which was very popular among the massive audience.

　　1.徒弟孙悟空、猪八戒和沙僧:有固定的译法，分别为Monkey King，Pigsy和Sandy。这里的“徒弟”翻译为disciples (门徒，弟子)最为恰当。

　　2.在...的保护下:应译为 under the protection of...

　　3.性命垂危:不可翻译为somebody's life is verydangerous,而应译为have one's life threatened,即“生命受到威胁”。

　　4.长生不老:有多种译法，既可译为live forever,也可译为be immortal或 attain immortality。

　　5.九九81难:可译为81 difficulties。文中的九九表达的意思和81是一样的， 所以译文中可以不体现。

　　6修炼成佛:直接译为become Buddha即可。除表示“佛像”之外，Buddha 在表示“佛”的时候单复数形式相同。

英语四级翻译练习题：十二生肖

　　十二生肖(the twelve Chinese Zodiacs)是中国传统文化的重要组成部分，它们源于自然界的11种动物和一个民族图腾(totem)。十二生肖代表动物的性格特点各不相同。到了龙年或虎年，人们常说“生龙活虎”;马年人们会说“马到成功”;猪在中国人的眼里是“宝”的意思;牛是勤劳(diligence )的象征，这一点在鲁迅的诗句“俯首甘为孺子牛”中有着完美的体现。

　　参考翻译:

　　The Twelve Chinese Zodiacs

　　The twelve Chinese Zodiacs, including eleven animalsin the nature and a national totem, play animportant role in the Chinese traditional culture.The twelve symbolic animals have their owncharacteristics. In the Year of Dragon or the Year of Tiger, people will say shenglonghuohu—full of vim and vigor; in the Year of Horse, people will say madaochenggong—to gain animmediate success. In Chinese eyes, pig is a “treasure”. Ox is a symbol of diligence, which iswell presented in the verse by Lu Xun一an outstanding writer in China, “head bowed, like awilling ox I serve the children”.

　　1.生龙活虎、马到成功:中国成语在翻译时可以先译为拼音，再进一步解释其内涵。“生龙活虎”即“精力充沛，活力四射”，可译为vim and vigor; “马到成功”即“快速获得成功”可译为gain an immediate success。

　　2.牛:生肖中的“牛”用ox来表达，而不用如cattle, cow,bull等其他表示“牛” 的词。

　　3.俯首甘为孺子牛:可直译为Head bowed, like a willingox I serve the children;或者根据其表达的“愿意为弱小服务的精神”译为modesty combined with thespirit of willingly serving the young and weak。同时，译文要简略给出鲁迅的身份，以使译文内容更为周全。

英语四级翻译练习题：中国酒

　　中国是具有先进酿酒技术的国家之一。关于酒的发明有许多种说法，最著名的是杜康的传说。据说杜康一天把装有谷子(millet)的竹筒落在了树上。十四天后偶然看见被他遗忘的竹筒，惊奇地发现筒里的谷子全变成了芳香的美酒。从此，他开始酿酒。因此，他的名字经常与酒联系起来，这一点在曹操的诗句中也有所体现:“何以解忧，唯有杜康。”

　　参考翻译:

　　Chinese Alcohol

　　China is one of the leading countries in wine-makingin the world. There are many legends concerning theinvention of alcohol. The most popular one isabout Du Kang. It is said that Du Kang lost hisbamboo tube, which was full of millet, on the tree one day. Fourteen days later he saw the tubeby accident, and surprisingly found that the millet had turned into fragrant alcohol. Sincethen, inspired by this discovery, he began to make the alcohol. And for that reason, his nameis often associated with alcohol, which is illustrated in Cao Cao's verses-“What can relieve myworries? Only Dukang.”

　　1.酿酒:可译为alcohol-making。这里的“酒”多指粮食酿酒，所以用alcohol,而不用wine。

　　2.发明:酒是古人无意中创造出来的，而不是本身存在人们发掘出来的，所以用 invention。

　　3.从此，他开始酿酒:杜康偶然间发现酒的形成，受了这次偶然的启发才开始尝试酿酒技术，所以在翻译这句时，最好将其中的逻辑关系一起译出。

　　4.何以解忧，唯有杜康:中国的酒名来源甚广，此处的杜康酒是按照人名来命名的，不是指人，所以在翻译时应用Dukang，也与人名Du Kang作出区别。